The most enduring American hero of the last century is
someone who lived half his life in disguise and the other half as the
world's most recognizable man. He is not Jack Kennedy or Joltin' Joe
DiMaggio, Batman or Jerry Seinfeld, although all of them were inspired
by him. It was on his muscle-bound back that the iconic comic book took
flight and that the very idea of the superhero was born. He appeared on
more radio broadcasts than Ellery Queen and in more movies than Marlon
Brando, who once pretended to be his father. He helped give America the
backbone to wage war against Adolph Hitler, the Great Depression, and
the Ku Klux Klan. He remains an intimate to kids from Boston to Belgrade
and has adult devotees who, like Talmudic scholars, parse his every
utterance. And he has done it all with an innocence and confidence that
let him appear publicly with underpants over full-body tights and assume
an alter ego who kept pursuing the prettiest girl in town even though
he seldom got her.
The most enduring American hero is an alien
from outer space who, once he reached Earth, traded in his
foreign-sounding name Kal-El for a singularly American handle: Superman.
So what is it about Superman, I wondered, that has let him not just survive but thrive for seventy-four years and counting?
It
starts with the intrinsic simplicity of his story. Little Orphan Annie
and Oliver Twist remind us how compelling a foundling's tale can be, and
Superman, the sole survivor of a doomed planet, is a super-foundling.
The love triangle connecting Clark Kent, Lois Lane, and Superman has a
side for everyone, whether you are the boy who can't get the girl, the
girl pursued by the wrong boy, or the conflicted hero. He was not just
any hero, but one with the very powers we would have: the strength to
lift boulders and planets, the speed to outrun a locomotive or a bullet,
and, coolest on anyone's fantasy list, the gift of flight.
Superpowers
are just half the equation. More essential is knowing what to do with
them, and nobody has a more instinctual sense than Superman of right and
wrong. Like John Wayne, he sweeps in to solve our problems. No
thank-you needed. Like Jesus Christ, he descended from the heavens to
help us discover our humanity. The more jaded the era, the more we have
been suckered back to his clunky familiarity. So what if the upshot of
his adventures is as predictable as with Sherlock Holmes: the good guy
never loses. That is reassuring.
That does not mean he hasn't
changed with the times. Superman has evolved more than the fruit fly. In
the 1930s he was just the crime fighter we needed to take on Al Capone
and the robber barons. In the forties he defended the home front while
brave GIs battled overseas. In the Cold War he stood up taller than ever
for his adopted country. For each era he zeroed in on the threats that
scared us most, using powers that grew or diminished depending on the
need. So did his spectacles, hair style, even his job title. Each
generation got the Superman it needed and deserved. Each change offered a
Rorschach test of the pulse of that time and its dreams.
All that has gotten me thinking about how Superman compares to other
heroes of our age and earlier ones. I admit to being biased, but here is
my take on the World's Mightiest Hero and other claimants to that
title: